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LaTeX Sign and Variation Tables — Without Knowing tkz-tab

Our visual WYSIWYG editor builds your sign or variation table with the mouse and generates clean tkz-tab code. Ready presets (1 root, 2 roots, 1 min, 1 max, 2 extrema), interactive editing, browser PDF compile.

No install No signup 100% free

tkz-tab is the standard, but its syntax is intimidating

For clean sign or variation tables in LaTeX, the tkz-tab package (built on TikZ) is the reference. But its specific syntax slows down most teachers. Three frictions every time:

Specific syntax

\tkzTabInit, \tkzTabLine, \tkzTabVar… Three commands to memorize with very precise arguments (aspect ratios, / separators, double-bar d).

Double bars and discontinuities

For a function undefined at a point (e.g. 1/x at 0), you need a vertical double bar and a discontinuity in the variation. The syntax is very specific and hard to memorize.

Slow iteration

Add a root, flip a variation direction, tweak an extremum: each attempt = recompile to check. For a 5-function exam, it's an easy hour.

The Sarmate.net solution

Our editor exposes a visual WYSIWYG table and generates tkz-tab code in real time. You see what you get and iterate instantly.

Ready presets

Sign tables (1, 2, 3 roots), variation tables (increasing, decreasing, 1 min, 1 max, 2 extrema), combined (sign of f' + variations of f) — pick and adjust.

Interactive editing

Click to change a sign (+, , 0, ). Drag to reorder x values. Type extrema in LaTeX (math mode with preview).

Clean tkz-tab code

\tkzTabInit, \tkzTabLine, \tkzTabVar are generated in the right order with the right arguments. Copy-paste as-is.

How it works in 3 steps

1

1. Pick a preset

Sign table (1, 2 or 3 roots), variation table (increasing, decreasing, min, max, 2 extrema), or combined.

2

2. Customize

Edit x values, signs (+/−/0/‖), extrema, add or remove columns.

3

3. Grab the code (or the PDF)

Copy the \begin{tikzpicture}…\tkzTab…\end{tikzpicture} block, or compile the PDF directly in the browser.

A few generated tables

Sign of \(x^2 - 4\)
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tkzTabInit{$x$ /1, $x^2-4$ /1.5}{-\infty, -2, 2, +\infty}
  \tkzTabLine{,+,0,-,0,+,}
\end{tikzpicture}
Variations of \(x^2\)
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tkzTabInit{$x$ /1, $f(x)=x^2$ /2}{-\infty, 0, +\infty}
  \tkzTabVar{+/ +\infty, -/ 0, +/ +\infty}
\end{tikzpicture}
Sign + variations of \(x^3 - 3x\)
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tkzTabInit{$x$/1, $f'(x)$/1, $f(x)$/1.5}{-\infty, -1, 1, +\infty}
  \tkzTabLine{,+,0,-,0,+,}
  \tkzTabVar{-/-\infty, +/2, -/-2, +/+\infty}
\end{tikzpicture}
Inverse \(1/x\) (with double bar)
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tkzTabInit{$x$/1, $1/x$/1.5}{-\infty, 0, +\infty}
  \tkzTabVar{-/-\infty, D-/+0, -/+\infty}
\end{tikzpicture}

Hand-coding vs Sarmate.net

By handWith Sarmate.net
Time for a combined table20 to 30 minUnder 2 minutes
tkz-tab knowledgeRequiredNone
Double bars / discontinuitiesSpecific syntax to memorizeDedicated button
Modification (add a root)Recompute all columnsOne-click insert
Visual previewRecompile every timeReal-time
Math-mode extremaRaw LaTeX inputLive KaTeX preview

Frequently asked questions

How do I make a sign table in LaTeX?+
The standard is the tkz-tab package (which loads TikZ internally). Use \tkzTabInit for headers, then \tkzTabLine{,-,0,+,} for signs (where -, +, 0 or empty describe each cell). Our editor exposes this with the mouse.
How do I make a variation table in LaTeX?+
Use \tkzTabVar with a multi-value comma-separated syntax: \tkzTabVar{-/0, +/2, -/-3} where each +/V or -/V indicates a high or low point with its value. Our editor generates this for you.
How do I display a double bar (undefined function)?+
In \tkzTabLine, use d instead of the sign: \tkzTabLine{,-,d,+,}. For variations, skip the value in \tkzTabVar. Our editor has a "double bar" button that handles this automatically, kept in sync with the sign line.
Which package do I need to load?+
In the preamble: \usepackage{tikz} then \usepackage{tkz-tab}. The tkz-tab package has been included in standard TeX Live since 2010. On Sarmate.net: nothing to install, the package is preloaded in our online compiler.
Can I customize the colors or table size?+
Yes: \tkzTabInit[lgt=2,espcl=2]{…} lets you adjust the header column width (lgt) and column spacing (espcl). For overall size, wrap everything in \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]…\end{tikzpicture}.

Ready to stop memorizing \tkzTabVar syntax?

Open the editor in one click. No signup for the demo. Ready-to-paste tkz-tab code.

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