Triangle équilatéral avec annotations d'angles et de côtés. Base pour exercices de géométrie 6e/5e. Issue de la galerie technique Sarmate (sources MartinThoma/LaTeX-examples sous MIT et TeXample.net sous LPPL) — voir aussi nos 900+ figures sur /tikz-gallery.php.
\documentclass[12pt,border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,angles,quotes,positioning,decorations.markings,arrows.meta,patterns,intersections,shapes,trees}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
% draw the background
\draw [line width=1.5pt, fill=gray!2] (0,0) -- (60:4) -- (4,0) -- cycle;
\coordinate[label=left:$A$] (A) at (0,0);
\coordinate[label=right:$B$] (B) at (4,0);
\coordinate[label=above:$C$] (C) at (2,3.464);
\coordinate[label=below:$c$](c) at ($ (A)!.5!(B) $);
\coordinate[label=left:$b$] (b) at ($ (A)!.5!(C) $);
\coordinate[label=right:$a$](a) at ($ (B)!.5!(C) $);
% angle alpha
\draw[fill=green!30] (0,0) -- (0:0.75cm) arc (0:60:.75cm);
\draw (0.35cm,0.25cm) node {$\alpha$};
% angle beta
\begin{scope}[shift={(4cm,0cm)}]
\draw[fill=green!30] (0,0) -- (-180:0.75cm) arc (180:120:0.75cm);
\draw (150:0.5cm) node {$\beta$};
\end{scope}
% angle gamma
\begin{scope}[shift={(60:4)}]
\draw[fill=green!30] (0,0) -- (-120:.75cm) arc (-120:-60:.75cm);
\draw (-90:0.5cm) node {$\gamma$};
\end{scope}
% the triangle
\draw [line width=1.5pt] (A) -- (B) -- (C) -- cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}